| Spontaneous Urticaria |
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Acute spontaneous urticaria |
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None |
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None |
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Chronic spontaneous urticaria |
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Differential blood count, ESR and/or CRP |
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Autologous serum skin test, test for *Helicobacter pylori*, gastroscopy, ANA, D-dimer, stool examination for parasites, skin test including physical test, specific IgE, thyroid hormone, and autoantibodies |
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| Inducible Urticaria |
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Cold urticaria |
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Cold provocation and threshold test: Melting ice cube on the volar forearm/Temp Test (4 °C) for 5 minutes |
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Differential blood count, ESR or CRP, rule out other diseases, especially infections |
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Delayed pressure urticaria |
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Pressure test and threshold test: Vertical pressure (stimulates wheal reaction within 3-12 hours) |
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None |
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Heat urticaria |
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Heat provocation and threshold test: Heat source/Temp Test (45 °C) for 5 minutes |
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None |
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Solar urticaria |
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Expose patient to ultraviolet and multi-wavelength visible light and threshold test |
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Rule out other light-induced dermatoses |
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Symptomatic dermographism |
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Elicit dermographism and threshold test: Moderate stroking of the skin with a blunt object |
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Differential blood count, ESR or CRP |
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Vibratory urticaria/angioedema |
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Test with vibration, for example, apply vortex vibration to forearm or fingers for 1-5 minutes |
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None |
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Aquagenic urticaria |
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Provocation testing: Apply wet room temperature clothing to forearm for 15-20 minutes |
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None |
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Cholinergic urticaria |
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Provocation and threshold testing, for example, by exercise or hot bath for 15-20 minutes** |
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None |
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Contact urticaria |
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Immunologic and non-immunologic reactions can be the cause. Diagnostic tests include patch test and skin prick testing. Dermatologic or/and specialist consultations are recommended. |
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None |
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